What is DNS?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical system that translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) that computers use to route traffic on the internet. DNS acts as the “phonebook” of the internet.
DNS queries pass through multiple layers:
- Recursive Resolver: Accepts a user query and retrieves the IP from authoritative servers.
- Root Servers: The first point of reference in the DNS hierarchy.
- Authoritative Name Servers: Hold the actual mapping of domain names to IP addresses.
Proper DNS configuration ensures:
- Reliable website access for users worldwide.
- Protection against domain hijacking or spoofing attacks.
- Compatibility with security features like SSL/TLS and DNSSEC.
Understanding DNS is critical for web hosting, network troubleshooting, and cybersecurity.